COVID-19 Aşısıyla İlişkili Parkinson Hastalığı, Bir Prion Hastalığı Sinyali

 Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews

COVID-19 Vaccine Associated Parkinson’s Disease, A Prion Disease Signal in the UK Yellow Card Adverse

ABSTRACT

Many have argued that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its mRNA sequence, found in all COVID-19 vaccines, are

priongenic. The UK’s Yellow Card database of COVID-19 vaccine adverse event reports was evaluated for signals

consistent with a pending epidemic of COVID vaccine induced prion disease. Adverse event reaction rates from

AstraZeneca’s vaccine were compared to adverse event rates for Pfizer’s COVID vaccines. The vaccines employ

different technologies allowing for potential differences in adverse event rates but allowing each to serve as a

control group for the other. The analysis showed a highly statistically significant and clinically relevant (2.6-fold)

increase in Parkinson’s disease, a prion disease, in the AstraZeneca adverse reaction reports compared to the

Pfizer vaccine adverse reaction reports (p= 0.000024). These results are consistent with monkey toxicity studies

showing infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in Lewy Body formation. The findings suggest that regulatory approval,

even under an emergency use authorization, for COVID vaccines was premature and that widespread use should be

halted until full long term safety studies evaluating prion toxicity has been complete. Alternative vaccines like the

Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine should be explored for those desiring immunization against COVID-19.

Research Article

Keywords

COVID-19, Immunization, Vaccines, Parkinson’s disease.

Introduction

Many have raised the alarm about the wisdom of wide spread

immunization campaigns using COVID-19 vaccines without first

performing long term human safety studies and well-planned

animal toxicity studies. Concern has been raised regarding evidence

that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, is actually a

lab derived bioweapon [1-4]. Several peer reviewed papers [3,5,6]

have indicated that the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

and its nucleic acid sequence are actually prion forming toxins.

A toxicity study in monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed

the formation of Lewy Bodies [8] and supports these findings. All

the COVID-19 vaccines on the market contain spike protein or its

nucleic acid sequence creating a possible catastrophic epidemic of

prion disease in the future.

The COVID vaccines from AstraZeneca and Pfizer are quite

different in their composition. The AstraZeneca COVID vaccine

utilizes live adenoviruses that are genetically engineered to

make the spike protein. Pfizer’s COVID vaccine utilizes mRNA

encapsulated in lipids to cause formation of spike protein in the

recipient. Both vaccines technologies have the potential to induce

prion disease [4]. Because the technologies are unique it was

hypothesized their rates of prion induction may be contrasting

enough to be detected as a difference in a spontaneous adverse

event reporting database. The UK’s Yellow Card adverse event

reporting system was chosen to evaluate whether a difference

in prion related vaccine’s reaction reports could be detected. As

discussed below there were theoretical benefits for studying this

effect in a database from a single small country as opposed to

larger EU or US databases.

Method

Yellow Card adverse reporting data from the United Kingdom

government website (https://www.gov.uk/government/

publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/

coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting) was 

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downloaded. Data was in the form of 4 PDF documents, one

each for vaccines from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, and one

for reports where the vaccine was not identified. Each document

categorized adverse event reports into specific groups primarily

sorted by organ system as summarized in Table 1. Adverse events

in each major category are further classified more or less by specific

disease or symptom. While the documents do not specifically say

outright, the website indicates the reports may come from both

lay persons and healthcare professionals and may include both

spontaneous reports and reports derived from clinical trials.

Table 1.

General Categories Pfizer  AstraZeneca Risk

Blood Disorders 7164 6645 0.93

Cardiac Disorders 2776 7879 2.84

Congenital Disorders 32 65 2.03

Ear Disorders 2855 8250 2.89

Endocrine Disorders 85 263 3.09

Eye Disorders 3558 12181 3.42

Gastrointestinal 21225 73305 3.45

General Disorders 57080 233977 4.10

Hepatic Disorders 84 363 4.32

Immune System Disorders 1188 2594 2.18

Infections 5202 16093 3.09

Injuries 2343 7065 3.02

Investigations 2552 9499 3.72

Metabolic Disorders 1268 8090 6.38

Muscle and Tissue Disorders 27007 90733 3.36

Neoplasm 140 317 2.26

Nervous Disorders 38876 160834 4.14

Pregnancy 186 191 1.03

null 62 117 1.89

Psychiatric Disorders 3900 15206 3.90

Renal and Urinary Disorders 581 2234 3.85

Reproductive and Breast Disorders 3839 7839 2.04

Respiratory Disorders 9087 24655 2.71

Skin Disorders 15642 45995 2.94

Social Circumstances 85 266 3.13

Surgical and Medical Procedures 186 584 3.14

Vascular Disorders 3165 10725 3.39

Total Reactions 210168 745965 3.55

Total Reports 73944 205221 2.78

Fatal Reports 425 904 2.13

Reactions per Report 2.84 3.63 1.28

Fatalities per Report 0.006 0.004 0.77

The frequency of adverse event reports pertaining to possible

prion induced neurological symptoms were compared between

AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines. No analysis was made for other

potential adverse events except that the rates of total psychological

reactions (“Psychiatric Disorders”) was also compared. The

analysis was specifically intended for detecting prion disease in

the “Nervous Disorders” reaction reports. An analysis was not

performed on the “Psychiatric Disorders” reactions or any other

category of diseases listed in Table 1. A Chi square analysis using a

2x2 table was used to calculate statistical p values for just 3 clearly

specific signals. An online statistical chi square calculator (https://

www.socscistatistics.com/tests/chisquare) was used. Chi square

analysis was also performed, one each, for “Nervous Disorders”

and “Psychiatric Disorders” in Table 1. In addition, a separate chi

square analysis was performed for 3 specific neurological reactions

that could relate to prion disease. A single “negative” control

chi square analysis was performed to verify that the calculator

software was functioning properly.

Results

Four documents were downloaded from the UK government

database. The documents state the data lock date was June 16th,

2021 and the Report Run Date was June 17, 2021. The documents

indicated that the following number of adverse event reactions

were reported for each vaccine, Pfizer: 210,168; AstraZeneca:

745,965; Moderna: 14,781; brand unspecified: 2,521. Because of

insufficient data only the Pfizer and AstraZeneca adverse event

reports were analyzed. According to the documents the Pfizer

adverse events were reported between December 9, 2020 and June

16, 2021 while the AstraZeneca adverse events were reported

between January 4, 2021 and June 16, 2021. There were thus only

a few days difference in the dates the adverse events were reported.

Additional publicly available data from the UK indicates by June

16th, 72,891,861 vaccine doses had been administered https://

coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/vaccinations). The proportion of

these doses attributed to Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccines was not

readily available.

Adverse reactions to the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines were

categorized by Yellow Card into major categories based on

organ system and are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 shows that

in general there are 3.55 times more adverse reactions reported

and 2.78 more reports filed for the AstraZeneca vaccine than for

the Pfizer vaccine. In general, there were 3.63 adverse reaction

disclosed for each report pertaining to the AstraZeneca vaccine

compared 2.84 reactions for each report pertaining to the Pfizer

vaccine.

Data in Table 1 was specifically analyzed looking for a signal of a

potential difference in prion disease between the vaccine groups.

There were 4.14 times (p= 0.00001) as many “Nervous Disorders”

reactions and 3.9 times (p= 0.00001) as many “Psychiatric

Disorders” reactions reported for the AstraZeneca Vaccine

compared to the Pfizer vaccine. These differences were elevated

compared to a 3.55 times difference for all adverse event reactions

reported between the two groups respectively.

Analysis of the “Nervous Disorders” data, Table 2, showed a

highly significant and specific increase in Parkinson’s disease

reactions in the AstraZeneca reports compared to the Pfizer

vaccine reports. There were 185 reactions listing Parkinson’s

disease reactions in the AstraZeneca reports compared to only 20

in the Pfizer vaccine reports (p=0.000024). Table 3 shows how the

Parkinson’s disease patients were classified in the reactions. These

Parkinson’s disease cases were primarily identified using a highly

specific, pathognomonic, symptom “Freezing Phenomenon”.

Table 3 shows that “tremor”, a less specific but more sensitive 

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symptom found in Parkinson’s disease patients was present in

9,288 reactions reported for the AstraZeneca vaccine but found

in only 937 reactions reported for the Pfizer vaccine (p=0.00001).

Table 2: Nervous Disorders

Pfizer Ratio AstraZeneca

Abnormal reflexes 11 4.73 52

Abnormal sleep-related events 11 2.09 23

Absence seizures 16 2.06 33

Acute polyneuropathies 39 8.44 329

Autonomic nervous system disorders 7 2.71 19

Central nervous system aneurysms and

dissections 2 2.00 4

Central nervous system haemorrhages

and cerebrovascular accidents 404 4.13 1668

Central nervous system inflammatory

disorders NEC 1 17.00 17

Central nervous system vascular

disorders NEC 5 5.40 27

Cerebrovascular venous and sinus

thrombosis 36 7.17 258

Cervical spinal cord and nerve root

disorders 3 3.00 9

Choreiform movements 2 2.50 5

Chronic polyneuropathies 1 14.00 14

Coma states 6 3.67 22

Coordination and balance disturbances 283 3.58 1013

Cortical dysfunction NEC 43 3.37 145

Cranial nerve disorders NEC 2 3.00 6

Dementia (excl Alzheimer's type) 11 2.55 28

Demyelinating disorders NEC 12 2.08 25

Disturbances in consciousness NEC 3236 2.96 9592

Disturbances in sleep phase rhythm 1 10.00 10

Dyskinesias and movement disorders

NEC 143 3.08 440

Dystonias 14 1.86 26

Encephalitis NEC 3 2.00 6

Encephalopathies NEC 3 4.00 12

Encephalopathies toxic and metabolic 0 2

Eye movement disorders 14 1.21 17

Facial cranial nerve disorders 587 1.45 854

Generalised tonic-clonic seizures 22 3.55 78

Headaches NEC 16896 4.68 79069

Hydrocephalic conditions 1 11.00 11

Hypoglossal nerve disorders 1 5.00 5

Increased intracranial pressure

disorders 6 9.00 54

Intellectual disabilities 1 9.00 9

Lumbar spinal cord and nerve root

disorders 44 3.75 165

Memory loss (excl dementia) 163 3.38 551

Mental impairment (excl dementia and

memory loss) 242 3.56 861

Migraine headaches 1689 4.29 7248

Mixed cranial nerve disorders 1 1.00 1

Mononeuropathies 35 2.91 102

Motor neurone diseases 0 1

Multiple sclerosis acute and

progressive 40 2.58 103

Muscle tone abnormal 14 3.14 44

Myelitis (incl infective) 20 3.20 64

Narcolepsy and hypersomnia 57 3.46 197

Nervous system cysts and polyps 0 1

Nervous system disorders NEC 8 6.50 52

Neurologic visual problems NEC 13 1.92 25

Neurological signs and symptoms NEC 6599 3.63 23971

Neuromuscular disorders NEC 22 3.05 67

Neuromuscular junction dysfunction 8 1.75 14

Olfactory nerve disorders 274 2.33 639

Optic nerve disorders NEC 19 2.16 41

Paraesthesias and dysaesthesias 3987 3.58 14281

Paralysis and paresis (excl cranial

nerve) 205 3.04 623

Parkinson's disease and

parkinsonism 20 9.25 185

Partial complex seizures 8 3.88 31

Partial simple seizures NEC 0 8

Peripheral neuropathies NEC 73 3.00 219

Seizures and seizure disorders NEC 509 3.40 1732

Sensory abnormalities NEC 1765 3.02 5330

Sleep disturbances NEC 3 16.00 48

Speech and language abnormalities 140 3.37 472

Spinal cord and nerve root disorders

NEC 11 2.82 31

Structural brain disorders NEC 4 8.75 35

Transient cerebrovascular events 99 3.91 387

Tremor (excl congenital) 937 9.91 9288

Trigeminal disorders 43 2.98 128

Vertigos NEC 1 2.00 2

Table 3: Parkinson's Disease

Pfizer Ratio AstraZeneca

Parkinson's disease and

parkinsonism 20 9.25 185

Freezing phenomenon 7 152

Parkinson's disease 3 15

Parkinsonian gait 1 0

Parkinsonism 4 10

Reduced facial expression 5 7

Vascular parkinsonism 0 1

Tremor (excl congenital) 937 9.91 9288

Action tremor 1 2

Asterixis 0 1

Essential tremor 3 5

Head titubation 5 15

Intention tremor 0 1

Postural tremor 0 1

Resting tremor 2 5

Tremor 926 9258

Another striking imbalance found in the analysis of “Nervous

Disorders” of Table 2 was sleep disturbance. This is of interest

because sleep disorders are a hallmark symptom of a genetically

transmitted prion disease called Fatal Familial Insomnia. A

detailed analysis of neurologically characterized sleep disturbance

reactions is disclosed in Table 4. The data indicate there were 4

sleep disturbance or sleep phase rhythm reactions in the reports

pertaining to the Pfizer vaccine versus 58 reactions in reports

pertaining to the AstraZeneca vaccine (p=0.003).

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Table 4: Sleep Disorders

Pfizer Ratio AstraZeneca

Disturbances in sleep phase rhythm 1 10.00 10

Advanced sleep phase 0 1

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder 0 5

Delayed sleep phase 0 1

Irregular sleep phase 0 1

Irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder 1 1

Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder 0 1

Sleep disturbances NEC 3 16.00 48

Microsleep 0 2

Periodic limb movement disorder 0 1

Sleep deficit 2 45

Sudden onset of sleep 1 0

Discussion

The current analysis was performed on COVID vaccine adverse

reactions reported through the UK’s Yellow Card system. While

analysis is challenging a clear signal of a specific prion disease,

Parkinson’s disease, was found as discussed below. The findings

are consistent with knowledge of the spike protein and its nucleic

acid sequence [3-7], well accepted pathophysiology of prion

disease, and animal toxicity data in monkeys [8]. The findings in

this paper represent an urgent warning to halt mass immunization

with COVID vaccines until proper safety studies are complete.

Alternative vaccines like the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR)

vaccine should be explored for those desiring immunization

against COVID-19 outside of clinical trials [4].

Analysis of spontaneous reporting data, as found in the Yellow

Card system is limited for several reasons including the historical

finding that spontaneous reporting under reports adverse events

95% of the time. Only 5% of drug adverse events are typically

reported [9]. These figures on reporting of adverse events pertain

to acute adverse events, essentially none of the adverse events

occurring years or decades after administration of a pharmaceutical

are ever reported. Analysis of the adverse events that are reported

may be difficult to interpret, outside a controlled clinical trial,

since it is often difficult to know the expected rate of a specific

event in the recipient population.

The current study attempted to avoid previous problems associated

with analysis of spontaneous adverse event reports by comparing

reports between groups receiving different COVID vaccines. In

this case those receiving the Pfizer COVID vaccine acted as the

controls for those receiving the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine and

visa versus. The fact that mass administration of both vaccines was

started within days of each other worked in favor of the analysis

as did the fact that there was an acute shortage of vaccines. People

wanting a COVID vaccine would likely be forced to take what

was available and not allowed much choice. These factors as well

as government policies on what populations would be offered the

vaccine first may have helped minimize demographics differences

relating to which vaccine was received, at least in regards to age

and sex. However, this is only theoretical since demographic data

pertaining to use of specific vaccines was not readily available on

the internet at the time this paper was written.

The data shows that that there are more adverse reactions reported

for the AstraZeneca vaccine than for the Pfizer vaccine. On a

whole there are 3.55 time more adverse reactions and 2.78 times

more reports for the AstraZeneca vaccine than for the Pfizer

vaccine. This may be explained in part by the number of vaccine

doses administered but this information was not readily available.

However, it is also possibly that there may be more acute reactions

to the AstraZeneca vaccine. On average there were 3.63 adverse

reactions per report for the AstraZeneca vaccine compared to 2.84

adverse reactions per report for the Pfizer vaccine. Demographics

of the recipients and also the reporters (academic versus community

clinicians) may also account for some of the differences.

The goal of this research was to determine if there was an early

signal of prion disease. Because of the differences in vaccine

composition [4] it was hoped that differences between vaccine

groups may manifest early enough to create a signal. The analysis

was specifically geared to look for evidence of a few prion

diseases. No analysis was performed for non prion diseases such

as autoimmune diseases or clotting diseases for example. The

prion diseases of interest included: ALS, frontotemporal lobar

degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, CJD, Parkinson’s disease,

and Fatal Familial Insomnia. Unfortunately, many of these prion

diseases are characterized by non specific neurological and

psychological symptoms [10]. There is overlap of symptoms

between prion diseases making a definitive diagnosis slow at times.

Prion disease may take years or decades to manifest from onset

however there were several reasons to hope that a signal may be

detected within months of the immunization. First it was believed

that there was a pool of people with either subclinical prion disease

or mild prion disease that had not been correctly diagnosed. One

theory is that COVID vaccines may accelerate disease progression

causing these undiagnosed patients to have frank disease that is

rapidly diagnosed after immunization.

A second reason to believe that a signal could be detected soon

after immunization relates to knowledge of the spike protein. It is

believed that the spike protein and its nucleic acid sequence may be

a complex bioweapon capable of inducing prion disease by several

different mechanisms. The mRNA nucleic acid may cause certain

intrinsic proteins like TDP-43 and FUS to fold into prions which

eventual leads to disease [3,4]. The spike protein also has a prion

like region [5] which may catalyze a chain reaction and eventually

lead to prion disease. However, a third group published data [6]

that the spike protein may cause proteins including prions already

in cells to aggregate, forming Lewy Bodies for example, and

causing relatively rapid cell death. It is this third method that could

allow fairly rapid detection of prion disease after immunization.

The current analysis showed a specific signal for an increased

risk of Parkinson’s disease. There were 20 Parkinson’s disease

reactions reported with the Pfizer vaccine and while 71 reactions

(3.55 x 20) were expected in the AstraZeneca reports, there were

185 reactions actually reported (p=0.000024). The analysis was

able to detect this signal because adverse event reports were filed 

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disclosing a very disease specific, pathognomonic, symptom

“Freezing Phenomenon” which made up the bulk of the Parkinson’s

disease reports. It is not clear if the reports were primarily related

to new onset Parkinson’s disease or worsening of a previously

diagnosed patient. The signal is supported by a proportionally

similar imbalance in reports of a more sensitive, but less specific

symptom of Parkinson’s disease, tremor (Table 3). A total of 937

tremor reactions were reported for the Pfizer vaccine and while

3,326 reactions (9.37 x 3.55) were expected to be reported for

the AstraZeneca vaccine, a total of 9,288 reactions were reported

(p=0.00001). The net effect is that the clinical relevance could be

logs in magnitudes higher than the reports of Parkinson’s disease

even after adjusting approximately 20-fold for under reporting [9].

Many but not all cases of Parkinson’s disease are believed to

be caused by prion disease [11]. It is believed that α-synuclein

aggregates in the substantia nigra of the brain in Parkinson’s disease

patients causing the formation of Lewy Bodies. The relation of

Lewy Bodies to Parkinson disease provides strong bio plausible

support for a causal effect with this signal because infections of

monkeys [8] with the SARS-CoV-2 virus lead to development

of Lewy Bodies. The relative rapid onset of Parkinson’s disease

symptom after immunization may be explained by the vaccine

derived spike protein’s heparin binding site. One group [6]

showed that the spike protein heparin binding site binds “to a

number of aggregation-prone, heparin binding proteins including

Aβ, α-synuclein, tau, prion, and TDP 43 RRM. These interactions

suggests that the heparin-binding site on the S1 protein might

assist the binding of amyloid proteins to the viral surface and thus

could initiate aggregation of these proteins and finally leads to

neurodegeneration in brain.”

Another prion disease with some more unique features is Fatal

Familial Insomnia. It is a rare genetic prion disorder characterized

by an inability to sleep [12]. It was noted in the analysis of

Nervous Disorder data of Table 2 and Table 4 that there was an

imbalance of sleep reports between vaccine groups. There were 4

sleep reactions reported for Pfizer’s vaccine and while 14 reactions

(4 x 3.55) were expected in the AstraZeneca reports, a total of

58 reactions were reported (p=0.003). A rapid onset of difference

between the two groups could be explained by the spike protein

aggregating prion molecules already in the cells as discussed with

Parkinson’s disease symptoms above.

The Yellow Card database does not provide good insight on

possible risk of developing many different prion diseases as can

be expected. There is however an highly statistical increase in

Nervous Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders reactions reported

for the AstraZeneca vaccine compared to Pfizer vaccine, Table 1.

This imbalance suggests that there may be underlying differences

in prion disorders other than Parkinson’s disease. Unfortunately

most prion diseases have symptoms not specific to prion disorders

and symptoms of different prion diseases overlap [10]. This fact

delays diagnosis and, in some cases, the definitive diagnosis is

delayed until post mortem autopsy.

The current analysis is not intended to indicate that one COVID

vaccine is safer than another in regards to prion disease. One

limitation of the analysis is that both vaccines may equally increase

the rates of one or more prion diseases and no difference will be

detected in the Yellow Card database. Imbalances in rates of

reactions detected in this analysis can be explained by the striking

differences in composition of the two vaccines allowing one

vaccine to induce some prion diseases quicker. The AstraZeneca

adenoviral virus based COVID vaccine may concentrate in the

gastrointestinal system [4] to a greater extent leading to faster

transport of the spike protein via the vagus nerve to the brain

[13]. By contrast over the long run the Pfizer mRNA vaccine may

induce more TDP-43 and FUS to form prions [3] and lead to more

prion disease.

This analysis should serve as an urgent warning to those mindlessly

following advice of politicians and public health officials regarding

COVID immunization. Both groups have had a dismal record of

protecting the health of the public. US public health officials ran

the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study allowing people of color

to die from syphilis because the public health officials refused to

inform the patients, they had syphilis and that a treatment existed.

There have been numerous less well-known experiments on

prisoners and other vulnerable populations in North America. The

infamous Nazi physician Josef Mengele was a public health doctor.

Founding father politicians in the US championed civil liberties

while owning slaves and running extermination campaigns against

Native Americans. The current policy to immunize the masses

with COVID vaccines before proper safety studies are complete is

likely to follow in the steps of the previously mentioned historical

acts.

References
https://www.ingersolllockwood.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/covid19_vaccine_associated_parkinsons_disease_a_prion_disease_signal.pdf